Washington Irving

Washington Irving was the first American to make a living as an author and during his prolific career in the early 1800s he created celebrated characters such as Rip Van Winkle and Ichabod Crane. His youthful satirical writings popularized two terms still closely associated with New York City, Gotham and Knickerbocker. Irving also contributed something to holiday traditions, as his conception of a saintly character with a flying sleigh delivering toys to children at Christmas evolved into our modern depictions of Santa Claus. Early Life of Washington Irving Washington Irving was born April 3, 1783 in lower Manhattan, during the week that New York City residents heard of the British ceasefire in Virginia that effectively ended the Revolutionary War. To pay tribute to the great hero of the time, General George Washington, Irvings parents named their eighth child in his honor. When George Washington took the oath of office as the first American president at Federal Hall in New York City, six-year-old Washington Irving stood among the thousands of people celebrating in the streets. A few months later he was introduced to President Washington, who was shopping in lower Manhattan. For the rest of his life Irving told the story of how the president patted him on the head. While attending school, young Washington was believed to be slow-witted, and one teacher labeled him a dunce. He did, however, learn to read and write, and became obsessed with telling stories. Some of his brothers attended Columbia College, yet Washingtons formal education ended at the age of 16. He became apprenticed to a law office, which was a typical route to becoming a lawyer in the era before law schools were common. Yet the aspiring writer was  far more interested in wandering about Manhattan and studying the daily life of New Yorkers than he was in the classroom. Early Political Satires Irvings older brother Peter, a physician who was actually more interested in politics than medicine, was active in the New York political machine headed by Aaron Burr. Peter Irving edited a newspaper aligned with Burr, and in November 1802 Washington Irving published his first article, a political satire signed with the pseudonym Jonathan Oldstyle. Irving wrote a series of articles as Oldstyle over the next few months. It was common knowledge in New York circles that he was the real author of the articles, and he enjoyed the recognition. He was 19 years old. One of Washingtons older brothers, William Irving, decided that a trip to Europe might give the aspiring writer some direction, so he financed the voyage. Washington Irving left New York, bound for France, in 1804, and didnt return to America for two years. His tour of Europe broadened his mind and gave him material for later writing. Salmagundi, a Satirical Magazine After returning to New York City, Irving resumed studying to become a lawyer, but his real interest was in writing. With a friend and one of his brothers he began collaborating on a magazine that lampooned Manhattan society. The new publication was called Salmagundi, a familiar term at the time as it was a common food similar to present day chefs salad. The little magazine turned out to be shockingly popular and 20 issues appeared from early 1807 to early 1808. The humor in Salmagundi was gentle by todays standards, but 200 years ago it seemed startling and the magazines style became a sensation. One lasting contribution to American culture was that Irving, in a joking item in Salmagundi, referred to New York City as Gotham. The reference was to a British legend about a town whose residents were reputed to be crazy. New Yorkers enjoyed the joke, and Gotham became a perennial nickname for the city. Diedrich Knickerbockers A History of New York Washington Irvings first full-length book appeared in December 1809. The volume was a fanciful and often satirical history of his beloved New York City as told by an eccentric old Dutch historian, Diedrich Knickerbocker. Much of the humor in the book played upon the rift between the old Dutch settlers and the British who had supplanted them in the city. Some descendants of old Dutch families were offended. But most New Yorkers appreciated the satire and the book was successful. And while some of the local political jokes are hopelessly obscure 200 years later, much of the humor in the book is still quite charming. During the writing of A History of New York, a woman Irving intended to marry, Matilda Hoffman, died of pneumonia. Irving, who was with Matilda when she died, was crushed. He never again became seriously involved with a woman and remained unmarried. For years after the publication of A History of New York Irving wrote little. He edited a magazine, but also engaged in the practice of law, a profession which he never found very interesting. In 1815 he left New York for England, ostensibly to help his brothers stabilize their importing business after the War of 1812. He remained in Europe for the next 17 years. The Sketch Book While living in London Irving wrote his most important work, The Sketch Book, which he published under the pseudonym of Geoffrey Crayon. The book first appeared in several small volumes in American in 1819 and 1820. Much of the content in The Sketch Book dealt with British manners and customs, but the American stories are what became immortal. The book contained The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the account of schoolmaster Ichabod Crane and his otherworldly nemesis the Headless Horseman, and Rip Van Winkle, the tale of a man who awakens after sleeping for decades. The Sketch Book also contained a collection of Christmas tales which influenced the celebrations of Christmas in 19th century America. Revered Figure at his Estate on the Hudson While in Europe Irving researched and wrote a biography of Christopher Columbus along with a number of travel books. He also worked at times as a diplomat for the United States. Irving returned to America in 1832, and as a popular writer he was able to buy a picturesque estate along the Hudson near Tarrytown, New York. His early writings had established his reputation, and while he pursued other writing projects, including books on the American West, he never topped his earlier successes. When he died on  November 28, 1859 he was widely mourned. In his honor, flags were lowered in New York City as well as on ships in the harbor. The New York Tribune, the influential newspaper edited by Horace Greeley, referred to Irving as the beloved patriarch of American letters. A report on Irvings funeral in the New York Tribune on December 2, 1859, noted, The humble villagers and farmers, to whom he was so well known, were among the truest mourners who followed him to the grave. Irvings stature as a writer endured, and his influence was widely felt. His works, especially The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip Van Winkle are still widely read and considered classics.

Bullying And Its Effect On Bullying - 1225 Words

If a student witnesses a group of kids huddled around and teasing a shy girl in their class about the way her hair is braided, that student may try to decide if one should say something. When no one else is getting involved and one does not want to be a new part of their group ridicule, it may give pause. Any pause in this situation is too much time wasted while another child suffers at the hands of bullying. There is no way to put a complete stop to bullying. Even if people responded to the issue in an ideal way, which almost no one does, there is not a one-size-fits-all solution to the problem (Whitson). People too often refer to an understood goal to stop bullying. They use terms like prevention and the phrase, â€Å"bring an end to bullying.† A smile to a bullied student from the math teacher, contrary to apparent popular belief, will not â€Å"bring an end to† the child’s torment. It may lessen the impact bullying has on that student’s emotional state , as the goal should be, but it will not stop the bullying from occurring. Though there are forty-nine states with anti-bullying laws in effect, bullying is still an issue (Whitson). Many people believe that there are some â€Å"highly impactful† things adults can do to make a difference with bullying (Whitson). If that were true, they would have effectively been implemented by now. Over the years, many attempts at change have been made but were rarely effective. Speeches and information given to students regarding bullying are notShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Bullying And Cyber Bullying1811 Words   |  8 PagesThe effects of bullying and cyber bullying in today’s society have grave consequences that can lead to the untimely deaths of many children throughout the nation. 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VictimsRead MoreThe Effects of Bullying2233 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Bullying is defined as a repeated aggression in which one or more persons intend to harm or disturb another person physically, verbally or psychologically. It can take many forms such as physical aggression, verbal aggression or social isolation. Bullying is a significant social problem and has likely occurred throughout human history. Research has shown that bullying not only affects a child’s learning but it also has detrimental consequences on a child’s future development. Effects on victimsRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Everyone s Bullying1220 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 2016 The Effects of Bullying on Everyone Bullying and in its many various ways effects everyone in a lot of ways. A lot of the people are being humiliated and hurt. Victims of bullying commit suicide because people that are being bullied think bullying will not stop. 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Google’s online dictionary defines bullying as using superior strength or influence to intimidate (someone), typically to force him or her to do what one wants. Many define bullying as physically, mentally, emotionally, and psychologically degrading another living being. Bullying has become a growing issue around the world. The act of bullying can begin with a small eye roll, but within a short period of time it can escalate to abuse. Bullying is an issue that cannot be takenRead MoreNegative Effects Of Bullying1232 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying is a continuing problem that has affected individuals from their childhood and continuing well into adulthood. Consequences of bullying are vast in their potential to negatively impact the person s physical, emotional, and psychological state of well being. The poor management of stress brought by the onset of bullying affects social health both short term and long term foreshadowing numerous potential risk factors and actions. 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Pre-Historic Art and Egyptian Art Free Essays

There were many differences between Pre-historic art and Egyptian art . One being that pre-historic art was before written history. Which roughly started about 40,000 BC as to were written was about 3,500 BC. We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Historic Art and Egyptian Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also many pre-historic sculptures which they date to be around 40,000 BC had three main aspects to it Found ,Portable ,Magical . A prime example of this would be the Venus of Willendorf which was dated around 25,00-21,00 BC. This figure shows the apparent large size of the breasts and abdomen ,which can be interpreted as a fertility symbol. The figure has no visible face as well which could mean that it was universal in the sense, that it could be any female not just a particular one. There were also many caves that were found with different types of paintings in them known as cave paintings. About 30,000 BC. One of the first cave paintings found was in 1911. Some of the Egyptian art was such as the palette of narmer about 3100 BC. The Narmer Palette is a flat plate of schist of about 64 centimeters in height. Its size, and decoration show us that it was a ceremonial palette, rather than an actual palette for daily us. Things like the Egyptian tombs or mastaba’s were made to perfection with detail and in most cases made out of gold. Pyramids themselves were magical works of art such as the pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx. Egyptain sculptures were more detailed and never free standing always and a flat back piece to it to keep it from falling or balancing the weight. How to cite Pre-Historic Art and Egyptian Art, Essay examples

My Favorite Movie free essay sample

We all have our own favorites, such as favorite song, singer, actor, book, and movies. Some people like to watch comedy, thriller, action, drama, or romantic film. There are millions of movies that have caught my attention. However, I personally like fantasy film. They have impressive special effects and supernatural events which seem exciting. Particularly, I really enjoyed watching the teenage vampire movie. Twilight is definitely the one of the best movie I have ever seen. The writer, special effects, wonderful locations, and talented actors made this movie excellent. The movie is based on the popular teen vampire book series written by Stephanie Meyer. There are 3 more part of the book, New moon, Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn. The Twilight novels have gained worldwide recognition and sold over 100 million copies. Meyer was the bestselling author of 2008 and 2009 in America, having sold over 29 million books in 2008, and 26. 5 million books in 2009. The differences between Stephanie Meyers vampires and those from other films is that her vampires sparkles. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favorite Movie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These vampires glitter when they encounter sunlight. The special effects, locations, and actors are all astonishing and amazing in this movie. For example, there is a scene in which Edward carries Bella on his back and climbs up to the very high tree very fast then jumps to another tree. Also, in the scene in which Edward fights with James, the special effects make this scene even more exciting. Moreover, the scenery is fantastic. The town of Forks, Washington is where the story take place. The Swan residence is used as the Cullen family’s home. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, La Push’s first Beach, and Portland, Oregon, are also used as major locations in the movie. Kristen Stewart is the leading actress and Robert Pattinson is the leading actor. They both have won many awards for Twilight and have been nominated for many awards in the past years. Kristen won MTV Movie Awards for Best Female Performance and Best Kiss also shared with Robert Pattinson in 2008. Robert won MTV Movie Awards for Best Fight, Best Kiss, and Breakthrough Performance Male in 2009. In Twilight, Bella moves to her fathers home in Forks, Washington, meets the mysterious Cullen family, and falls in love with Edward Cullen. However, she soon discovers that the family is a coven of vampires. Bella expresses a desire to become a vampire herself, against Edwards wishes. In the second novel, New Moon, Edward and the other Cullen’s leave Forks in an effort to keep Bella safe from the vampire world. Jacob Black, a member of the Quileute tribe who is also a shape shifter taking a wolf form, comforts the distraught and severely depressed Bella. She comes to care deeply for Jacob, though less than she loves Edward. In Eclipse, Bella becomes engaged to Edward, and they marry in Breaking Dawn. Edward then transforms Bella into a vampire after she nearly dies giving birth to their daughter, Renesmee. Bella has the ability to shield her mind, an ability shes had from the beginning. But once she is transformed into a vampire, her ability is enhanced to where she can also expand her shield to protect others from mind control.

A Biography Of Sir James Chadwick Sciences Essay Example

A Biography Of Sir James Chadwick Sciences Essay Example A Biography Of Sir James Chadwick Sciences Essay A Biography Of Sir James Chadwick Sciences Essay James Chadwick had many accomplishments Nobel Prize, wartime knighthood, Master of Gonville and Caius, Companion of Honor but was a troubled, hyper-tense human being, capable of love and choler every bit good as restraint. Chadwick was born in Bollington, non far from Manchester, England, on October 20, 1891, to John Joseph Chadwick and Ann Mary Knowles. Chadwick senior owned a wash concern in Manchester. At the age of 16, Chadwick won a scholarship to the University of Manchester, where he had intended to analyze mathematics. However, because he was erroneously interviewed for entree to the natural philosophies plan and was excessively diffident to explicate the mistake, he decided to remain in natural philosophies. Initially Chadwick was disappointed in the natural philosophy categories, happening them excessively big and noisy. But in his 2nd twelvemonth, he heard a talk by experimental physicist Ernest Rutherford about his early New Zealand experiments. Chadwick established a close working relationship with Rutherford and graduated in 1911 with first awards. Chadwick stayed at Manchester to work on his maestro s grade. During this clip he made the familiarity of others in the natural philosophies section, including Hans Geiger and Niels Bohr. Chadwick completed his M.S. in 1913 and won a scholarship that required him to make his research off from the establishment that granted his grade. At this clip Geiger returned to Germany, and Chadwick decided to follow him. Chadwick had non been in Germany long when World War I broke out. Soon he was arrested and sat in a Berlin gaol for 10 yearss until Geiger s research lab interceded for his release. Finally Chadwick was interned for the continuance of the war, as were all other Englishmen in Germany. Chadwick spent the war old ages confined at a race path, where he shared with five other work forces a stable intended for two Equus caballuss. His four old ages at that place were quiet, cold, and hungry. He managed to keep correspondence with Geiger. Although the work he did under such rough conditions was non really fruitful, Chadwickfelt that the experience of internment contributed to his adulthood. Furthermore, when Chadwickreturned to England, he found that no 1 else had made much advancement in atomic natural philosophies during his clip off. His careful self-humbleness, though, kept him from the spotlight, and his primary function over the following 20 old ages was as Rutherford s helper. They had a complex relationship where Chadwick was confidant, critic and counsellor every bit good as general factotum ( labourer ) for the great adult male, peculiarly during their long association at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. One of Chadwick s first undertakings was to assist Rutherford set up a unit of measuring for radiation, to help in experiments with the radiation of atomic karyon. Chadwick so developed a method to mensurate radiation that required the observation of flashes, called scintillations, in Zn sulphide crystals under a microscope and in complete darkness. Chadwickand Rutherford spent much clip experimenting with the transubstantiation of elements, trying to interrupt up the karyon of one component so that different elements would be formed. This work finally led to other experiments to estimate the size and map the construction of the atomic karyon. Throughout the old ages of work on the transubstantiation of elements, Chadwick and Rutherford struggled with an incompatibility. They saw that about every component had an atomic figure that was less than its atomic mass. In other words, an atom of any given component seemed to hold more mass than could be accounted for by the figure of protons in its karyon. Rutherford so suggested the possibility of a atom with the mass of a proton and a impersonal charge, but for a long clip his and Chadwick s efforts to happen such a atom were in vain. For twelve old ages, Chadwick looked intermittently and unsuccessfully for the neutrally-charged atom that Rutherford proposed. In 1930 two German physicists, Walther Bothe and Hans Becker, found an unexpectedly penetrating radiation, thought to be gamma beams, when some elements were bombarded with alpha-particles. However, the component Be showed an emanation form that the gamma-ray hypothesis could non account for. Chadwick suspected that impersonal atoms were responsible for the emanations. Work done in France in 1922 by physicists Frederic Joliot-Curie and Irene Joliot-Curie supplied the reply. Analyzing the conjectural gamma-ray emanations from Be, they found that radiation increased when the emanations passed through the absorbing stuff paraffin. Although the Joliot-Curie squad concluded that gamma beams emitted by Be knocked H protons out of the paraffin, Chadwickimmediately saw that their experiments would corroborate the presence of the neutron, since it would take a impers onal atom of such mass to travel a proton. He foremost set to work showing that the gamma-ray hypothesis could non account for the ascertained phenomena, because gamma beams would non hold plenty energy to chuck out protons so quickly. Then he showed that the Be karyon, when combined with an alpha-particle, could be transmuted to a C karyon, let go ofing a atom with a mass comparable to that of a proton but with a impersonal charge. The neutron had eventually been tracked down. Other experiments showed that a B karyon plus an alpha-particle consequences in a N nucleus plus a neutron. Chadwick s first public proclamation of the find was in an article in the diaryNaturewith a title feature of his retiring personality, Possible Being of a Neutron. It was his find of the neutron, in an experiment of demilitarizing simpleness in 1932, which pulled him from Rutherford s shadow and won him, with unusual promptitude, the Nobel Prize for natural philosophies in 1935. He was now a giant in his field, and all his studious attempts to give recognition to others could non hide it. That same twelvemonth, Chadwicktook a place at the University of Liverpool to set up a new research centre in atomic natural philosophies and to construct a atom gas pedal. Chadwick s repute manifested his engagement with the atomic bomb and the single-mindedness he brought to the early thought and feasibleness work in Britain, and to the subsequent development of the arm in the US. Chadwick, among the first to see the potency for a arm and to recognize that Nazi Germany might be doing it, threw himself into the undertaking and ended up in consequence in charge on the British side. Chadwick s find of the neutron made possible more precise scrutinies of the karyon. It besides led to guesss about uranium fission. Physicists found that pelting uranium karyon with neutrons caused the karyon to divide into two about equal pieces and to let go of energy in the really big sums predicted by Einstein s expression E=mc2. This phenomenon, known as atomic fission, was discovered and publicized on the Eve of World War II, and many scientists instantly began to theorize about its application to warfare. Britain rapidly assembled a group of scientists under the Ministry of Aircraft Production, called the Maud Committee, to prosecute the practicality of an atomic bomb. Chadwick was put in charge of organizing all the experimental attempts of the universities of Birmingham, Cambridge, Liverpool, London, and Oxford. Initially Chadwick s duties were limited to the really hard and purely experimental facets of the research undertaking. Gradually, he became more involved with other responsibilities in the organisation, peculiarly as interpreter. Chadwick s work in measuring and showing grounds convinced British authorities and military leaders to travel in front with the undertaking. Chadwick s engagement was wide and deep, coercing him to cover with scientific inside informations of uranium supplies and radiation effects every bit good as broader issues of scientific organisation and policy. His correspondence during this clip referred to issues runing from Britain s relationship with the United States to the effects of Co on the wellness of sheep. As the force per unit areas of war became greater, the British realized that even with their theoretical progresss, they did non hold the practical resources to develop a on the job atomic bomb. In 1943 Britain and the United States signed the Quebec Agreement, which created a partnership between the two states for the development of an atomic bomb. Chadwick became the leader of the British contingent involved in the Manhattan Project in the United States. Although he was diffident and used to the isolation of the research lab, Chadwick became known for his tireless attempts at coaction and his acute sense of diplomatic negotiations. He maintained friendly Anglo-American dealingss despite a great assortment of scientific challenges, political battles, and conflicting personalities. On July 16, 1945, he witnessed the first atomic trial in the New Mexico desert. After the war, Chadwick s work continued to concentrate on atomic arms. He was an adviser for the British representatives to the United Nations sing the control of atomic energy around the universe. Although he pushed for atomic policy issues every bit much as he pushed for scientific solutions, Chadwick finally saw the inutility of the atomic bomb. Margaret Gowing, in her article, James Chadwick and the Atomic Bomb, wrote that Chadwick made a comment about the bomb saying Its consequence in doing agony is out of all proportion to its military consequence. Chadwick s postwar engagement with atomic energy was non limited to arms. He besides was interested in medical applications of radioactive stuffs, and he worked to develop ways of modulating radioactive substances. Chadwick was a dedicated and indefatigable scientist who balanced his committednesss to science with a committedness to his household. He and his married woman, Aileen Stewart-Brown, whom he married in 1925, had twin girls. Chadwick was diffident and serious and had an demanding sense of subject and a indefatigable attending to item. When he was at the Cavendish research lab, all documents that went out for publication passed under his critical regard. Here is a adult male known as psychologically delicate so weak at times that he would plead unwellness to avoid an unwelcome confrontation with a mere undergraduate who for five old ages drives meetings, knocks scientific caputs together, toughs ministries and conducts the most delicate diplomatic negotiations with the Americans. He went on to fall in the great and good in postwar Britain and was honored for his work, but what he had done in the war, invariably fighting against his ain nature and inherent aptitudes, left him weakened and at times about defeated by life. Although his ability to work out jobs and form people neer left him, he seems progressively to hold used unwellness ( which mystified his physicians ) to screen himself against troubles. In 1950 he was proposed as vice-chancellor of Cambridge University, but turned it down on wellness evidences. He was knighted in 1945 and in 1948 was elected maestro of Gonville and Caius College, a station from which he retired in 1959. Three old ages subsequently he retired besides from the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, on which he had served as parttime member from 1957. Sir James Chadwick died in Cambridge, England, on July 24, 1974. Mentions 1. Brown, Andrew ( July 31, 1997 ) The Neutron and the Bomb: A Biography of Sir James Chadwick. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. 2. James Chadwick ( 27 Feb. 1932 ) Letterss to the editor: Possible being of a neutron, Nature, vol. 129, page 312. 3. Chadwick, J. ( 1932 ) The being of a neutron, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series A, vol. 136, pages 692-708 4. Gowing, Margaret ( January, 1993 ) Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. JamesChadwick and the Atomic Bomb, pp. 79-92. 5. Oliphant, Mark ( December, 1982 ) The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. The Beginning: Chadwick and the Neutron, pp. 14-18. 6. Pollard, Ernest ( October, 1991 ) Physics World. Neutron Pioneer, pp. 31-33. 7. Ioan, James ( 2004 ) Remarkable Physicists From Galileo to Yukawa. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Madison Ellenburg Physical Science

Beka Lamb Essays

Beka Lamb Essays Beka Lamb Essay Beka Lamb Essay Independent study Project| ENG 3UI| | Beka lamb by Zee Edgell and The hummingbird tree| | Taneese Jones| 6/12/2011| | Introduction Summary of the novel: In the novel Beka Lamb by Zee Edgell, Beka experiences various events that contribute to her sense of responsibility and maturity. Beka Lamb is the debut novel of Belizean author Zee Edgell. It is the story of both Beka and Belize, an adolescent girl and an adolescent country. Set in Belize in the 1950s, fourteen-year-old Beka struggles with growing pains complicated by the society in which she lives while her country struggles to move from colonialism to independence. Among these is her parents growing disappointment over her habit of lying as Beka has  a tendency to tell tales in order to get out of trouble. Beka lies about passing her final exams and after being found out and witnessing the sheer sorrow in her fathers face, she recognizes that this must be a turning point for her. She vows to turn over a new leaf and thereafter stop telling lies. In addition, Beka receives a valuable life lesson as her best friend Toycie finds herself intertwined in a tragic dilemma. Beka learns about the pitfalls of infatuation, the pangs of betrayal and the stigma of an unwanted pregnancy. Death also plays a significant role in the novel as Toycies  horrific end sends shock waves throughout the small community. While the death of Toycie causes great grief and sorrow, it also serves to remind the villagers of the fragility of life and the secrets that can torment and consume an individual. On the other hand, death serves as an escape from all the problems   of life and it appears that Toycies death in some respects appears more favourable than the option of being forfeited out of an education and having to live with the stigma of an unwanted child. The aspect of change will be focused on in this presentation. Thesis statement- change in society can influence an individual’s character * Change begins its development when the main character beka lamb recognizes that a change began politically and how women were viewed in society. * Change develops as Beka has matured an developed as an individual * Change is developed into the issue of success and failure Sub-topic one Change begins its development when the main character beka lamb recognizes that a â€Å"change† began politically and how women are viewed in that society. A) Change is also associated with politics as we see that there is a symbiotic transformation as Bekas change is compared to political change and reform. It was implied by the researcher that Bekas internal change occurred simultaneously with the political amendment. She developed an interest in the political situation in her country. Her interest in the politics of her country and her attempt to understand and prove to her father that he was contradicting what he said about the political situation showed that she was on the verge of maturity. Her influence to notice the political change is due to the constant discussion from her grandmother miss ivy and her friend miss Eila. † An long befo’ time , you wouldn’t be at convent school. †The politics affected the economy as there was a lot poverty due to devaluation. The description of the houses as weathered wooden houses and rusty zinc rooftops further develops this theme and gives the reader a clearer image of what the situation was like in Belize. Also, the flashback that Beka had about the walk she and her friend had in Fort George shows that the girls preferred the wealthier areas and that the walk was a sort of escape from the town which seemed staler, dirtier and altogether less pleasant that the lovely areas they had left. B) The social insecurity that Edgell dramatizes involves the ethnic threat that Creoles feel from the rising Hispanic population and the socioeconomic frustrations that Creoles undergo as they try to rise from lower to middle class statusall in the larger context of Belize moving from colony to independent state. Zee Edgell seems hopeful that, through proper discipline, Creoles can both regain their status in the Belizean ethnic hierarchy and also move from menial to more professional occupationsand without compromising too much their rich cultural heritage. In Beka Lamb women are the ones who are seen as the care givers and the ones to take care of the home. The majority of them do not work and even having an education for the lower class is untold or unheard of. The Belizean society sets trends that as she is black she is looked down upon her to be another statistic as many of the other women in society have become. Beka decides to be different and as society tries to shape her destiny she pushes herself to be an example for younger children after she had realised that the way society view women had great impact on her and that she settled for what society viewed her to be. The story illustrates the reality of the Belize culture. Male characters work or become educated while the women maintain the homes and earn what income they can. In the novel, the few male characters have at least one fault that turns the reader away. Emilio impregnates Toycie, but then will not marry her. Bill fails to show consistent affection to his family; he often seems uninterested or too busy. The women who surround Beka influence her thinking and judgments. Interestingly, the women are politically well-informed. One would not expect the simple women to have interest in politics. While Beka respects her father, she does so partially out of fear and partially because she is supposed to. Bekas respect for Granny is different. Granny knows more about life and about Belize than either Beka or her father. Bekas ability to recognize this demonstrates not only Bekas maturity, but also her curiosity about and reverence toward the Belize culture. Subtopic two Change developes an individual. A) As the novel begins, Beka has just won an essay-writing contest at her school. That night, as she sits in her grandmother’s chair, she begins to reminisce about the long, uphill battle she fought to reach this point in her life. Seven months earlier, Beka was having trouble with telling the truth. She lied about small things, such as saying she swept the attic when she really did not. Her most recent lie, however, is the worst of all. She told her father that she passed first form when she really failed. Not only does Beka lie, but she neglects her school work as well. Characterized by her Aunt as a Queen, Toycie is almost the complete opposite of Beka. She is beautiful and studious. The quality that links them together is their ability to find themselves in bad situations. Their friendship had developed at a young age and has grown into a sisterhood. As a job, Toycie took care of Beka and her brothers. From there, the two shared many secrets. Being each others confidant, they spent a lot of time together. They would go on walks and share their thoughts or ambitions with one another. They also had a system of checks and balances. When Beka was in trouble at school, Toycie offered to help her with her studies. She also urged Beka to be truthful with her parents. In return, Beka tried to persuade Toycie to find help when she became pregnant. Beka was also there for her when her boyfriend refused to accept the baby as his own. In Toycies hardest times, Beka was always around, trying to help. Because of their strong friendship, Beka wanted to be her shoulder to lean on. B) When Toycie asks Beka why she failed first form she replies, â€Å"I fooled around instead of doing my work† (Edgell 35). Beka realizes that she does not focus on her schoolwork the way she should. When Beka does her chores, she skips parts of the floor while sweeping, she pushes old newspapers and dirty clothes under the beds while cleaning, and on her way to the market she lingers at Toycie’s house. However, once Beka tells her father the truth about failing first form, she realizes that she will have to act more responsibly in order to return to school. She begins by cleaning the attic: â€Å"Beka cleaned the attic with feverish energy; here was a way to start, a way to show her family that she could be different† (Edgell 26). Beka does not skip over parts of the floor and hide the trash like usual. She cleans with all the energy she has. After Toycies accident, Beka realizes that she wants better for herself. She begins to concentrate more on her studies. Mr. Lamb compared Beka to a Bougainvillea plant with all flash and no substance as well as phoneyness and having airs. It started to get bushy and wild and out of control just like beka and her lies. When he cut down the plant, it served as a symbol that Beka was changing. Sub-topic three Change developes the issue of success and failure Success and Failure is also a major issue in the novel. Zee Edgell uses the dream, in chapter two, as a technique to symbolise Bekas transition from childhood to young adulthood. The dream shows what is going on in Bekas life. In the dream, Beka is crying out for help yet no one comes to her aid. In reality it shows that Beka is voiceless. In the dream, Beka is on a bridge and the bridge is moving. the bridge stands as a symbol of change and transformation. It shows that Beka is on a journey but she is still not quite there yet. However Beka is looking down at the filthy creek which represents failure. There are people urging her to jump but if she falls off, she will fail. Ultimately Beka is afraid of failure. Her fear is that when she makes this jump (transition), she will fail. The researcher sees that seven months before Beka won the competition she failed first form and she knew it would disappoint her parents so she resorted to lying. By contrast, when she won the competition her parents, even her grandmother was proud of her and had high expectations of her. The dream in chapter two was a symbol of change, success and maturity. It is a technique used by the author to show what was going on in Bekas life. In her dream Beka was crying out for help but no one heard her, she was voiceless. The bridge was a symbol of change and maturity. It reflects that she was going through a transformation. The people were telling her to jump which is risky. Perhaps this is to infer that there were factors trying to hinder her progress. Also as she was looking down at the creek, there was filth and excrement which infers that if she doesnt get the help, shell f Beka returns to school after Toycies expulsion and wins an essay contest. The self-doubts Beka faced her whole life start to recede. As a freshman, Beka wins an essay contest that she thought she had no chance of winning. By winning the contest, Beka realizes that change is possible. She will not be stuck in the same poverty stricken cycle that Toycie fell victim to, but she will never forget the culture that moulded her into the person she will become. Conclusion Beka Lamb is the debut novel of Belizean author Zee Edgell. Change in society can influence an individual’s character. It is the story of both Beka and Belize, an adolescent girl and an adolescent country. Set in Belize in the 1950s, fourteen-year-old Beka struggles with growing pains complicated by the society in which she lives while her country struggles to move from colonialism to independence. The basic theme is the struggle of the Creole population of Belize to hold on to their ethnic heritage and assert their civil rights while faced with opposition from the Hispanic community. Beka experiences various events that contribute to her sense of responsibility and maturity. Although Toycie is constantly on her mind, Beka takes a large step for herself when she enters the essay contest. Being a repeater, Beka doubts her ability to win the essay contest. To her surprise, Beka wins. This accomplishment brings her closer to her parents because they strive for her excellence in school . In today’s society they are people just like beka who dare to change and eventually does change. It proves that society can shape an individuals destiny but it’s up to that person to decide their own future. Now in society people still has the mentality that men are above women in status and power. For example a woman president has never been elected in the United States because people trust men to be leaders of their lives and country. It shows how societies view women.

Professionalism. As A NonCommissioned Officer, Leader, what it means Essay

Professionalism. As A NonCommissioned Officer, Leader, what it means to be professional, and why we should always be professional as Leaders of Soldiers. What Professionalism mean to me as a Leaders - Essay Example NCOs have the skills to carry out special trainings to correct emerging weaknesses. NCOs train soldiers, so that they are prepared to conduct their responsibilities and duties and can also lead their people. Indeed, Noncommissioned officers make noncommissioned officers. NCOs know how to identify future leaders and help train the latter to be effective leaders too. Furthermore, NCOs are supposed to be the yardsticks for their men’s own performances. They are leaders by model; they act with the direct intent of influencing the behavior and attitudes of their men. Professionalism is also about taking care of the welfare of our soldiers. NCOs ensure the Soldier is taken care of and is mentally and physically gifted to defend this country. NCOs help soldiers deal with both professional and personal problems, so that these problems will not lead to one another or reinforce each other. NCOs educate soldiers about existing benefits and services for themselves and their families, because these can assist them in focusing on their missions. Professional noncommissioned officers understand that their jobs are not limited to that defined by the Military Occupational Specialty. They understand that as members of the volunteer force, they are ready to take initiative and apply themselves in situations that are not clearly defined by their original duties and responsibilities. They know that they are on duty all the time. The clock does not impact professional soldiers; they are on call all the time. Thus, professional NCOs know by heart that there are no permanent schedules and only the call of duty